英语七选五做题技巧(2)
Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
【注】有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词):
Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车,她感到行动很困难。
(2) 现在分词完成式的被动式。主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作:
The subject having been opened,he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。
Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少。
比较:
Being so ill, she can’t go to school. 由于病得那么严重,她不能去上学。
Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。
三、现在分词的否定式
分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前,遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前:
Not being able to understand English, he didn’t know what they wanted. 由于他不懂英语,他不知道他们要什么。
Not having finished his work,he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。
现在分词的被动式及用法
当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式:现在分词一般式的被动式。主要表示现在正在进行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作;现在分词完成式的被动式则主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。如:
We saw her being taken to the operating room. 我们看见她被送到手术室。
Having been neglected for years, the house collapsed. 这所房子因年久失修而倒塌了。
注:有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前,但此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词。如:
Not having enough hands, they couldn't finish the work in time. 由于人手不足,他们不能及时完成工作。
